Packets DownRange
Internet Service provider topics, Network operations, and other topics. Some topics include Mikrotik, Cisco, Arista and other configurations.
In a GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network), splitters are essential components that allow multiple end users to share a single fiber optic link from the service provider’s central office. Key Reasons for Using Splitters in GPON
In the broadband industry, the race for higher speeds has dominated marketing campaigns and consumer expectations. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) continually tout gigabit speeds as the ultimate benchmark for quality. While speed is important, a more critical yet often overlooked aspect of internet performance is interconnection—the way ISPs connect and exchange traffic with other networks. … Read more
The IP (Internet Protocol) packet header is a crucial part of how data is transmitted across networks. It contains vital information that helps routers and devices determine where the packet is coming from, where it’s going, and how to handle it. In this post, we’ll break down the structure of an IPv4 packet header, explain … Read more
The TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the backbone of the internet and most modern networks. It ensures that data is transmitted reliably and efficiently between devices, whether you’re sending an email, streaming a video, or browsing a website. In this blog, we’ll break down how TCP/IP works, its layers, and how data moves across … Read more
High Availability in Ubiquiti. UniFi Shadow Mode is a high-availability (HA) feature for UniFi Cloud Gateways (UDM-Pro, UDM-SE, UDM-Pro-Max, EFG) that provides instant failover by creating an active-passive pair. A secondary “Shadow” gateway mirrors the primary’s configuration and state, automatically taking over within seconds if the primary fails, using Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) and shared IP/state … Read more
Ethernet over IP (EoIP) is a protocol developed by MikroTik that allows the creation of a Layer 2 VPN tunnel between two MikroTik devices over an IP network. This is useful for extending local networks across remote locations. In this guide, I will demonstrate how to configure an EoIP tunnel using MikroTik version 7. Prerequisites … Read more
one lesser-known issue that can quietly degrade network performance is switch buffer bloat. This often-overlooked problem can significantly impact the quality of your network
In wireless communication, terms like half-duplex and full-duplex often come up when discussing data rates and network performance. These modes dictate how data is transmitted and received, affecting wireless networks’ speed, efficiency, and reliability. In this blog post, we’ll discuss the differences between half-duplex and full-duplex communication, their impact on wireless data rates, and real-world … Read more
The terms east-west traffic and north-south traffic are pivotal for understanding data flows. These concepts are not limited to data centers or enterprise networks; they also have significant implications in Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks. While ISPs primarily focus on external connectivity (north-south traffic), the importance of east-west traffic within their networks is growing as … Read more
In wireless networking, modulation rates play a pivotal role in determining the speed and efficiency of data transmission. Wi-Fi networks, which have become the backbone of modern connectivity, rely heavily on modulation techniques to ensure seamless communication. This blog talks about the intricacies of modulation rates in Wi-Fi, their significance, and how they impact performance. … Read more
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The following was an image that went into a packet for connecting a Mikrotik CRS switch to a Mikrotik router. This was given to field techs to connect a new switch to a new router.