Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): How the Internet’s Routing Protocol Works
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a protocol that makes the Capitl I Internet run. It is the fundamental system that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and large networks use to exchange reachability information and ensure data finds its way across the …
VRF Architectures
1. Basic VRF Architecture Diagram A single router with two VRFs (e.g., Customer_A and Customer_B), each with its own routing table and interface. Purpose: Shows how two VRFs keep overlapping IP spaces separated. 2. Traffic Isolation in VRFs Two devices …
Why ISPs Should Prioritize Interconnection Over Raw Speed
In the broadband industry, the race for higher speeds has dominated marketing campaigns and consumer expectations. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) continually tout gigabit speeds as the ultimate benchmark for quality. While speed is important, a more critical yet often overlooked …
Why Is East-West Traffic Important in ISP Networks?
The terms east-west traffic and north-south traffic are pivotal for understanding data flows. These concepts are not limited to data centers or enterprise networks; they also have significant implications in Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks. While ISPs primarily focus on …
What is the Global BGP Routing Table?
The Global BGP Routing Table is a comprehensive database that contains all the IP address prefixes (routes), which are advertised by ASNs, and the associated paths to reach them across the internet.
Configuring BGP Filters on MikroTik RouterOS v7: Part1
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is essential for dynamic routing in modern networks. MikroTik’s RouterOS version 7 introduces significant updates to BGP functionality, making it more efficient and flexible. This guide walks you through configuring BGP filters on MikroTik RouterOS v7 …
Understanding Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) in BGP
A critical component of BGP’s functionality is the Autonomous System Number (ASN). But what exactly is an ASN, and why is it so important?
How Does TCAM Work in Routers?
In a previous post, I asked if TCAM is still needed in modern routers. In this post, I will examine how TCAM works in routers and provide some more insight into TCAM. In a router, TCAM stores and processes rules …
Overview of OSPF and BGP Differences and why
Having done consulting for years I saw many instances where BGP, especially ibgp, was used where OSPF would have been a better fit. Sometimes, this was for a specific reason; sometimes, it was just not knowing better. I am from …
Understanding the Different Types of OSPF Areas: A Guide
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is one of the most widely used link-state routing protocols in large enterprise networks, known for its scalability and efficiency in handling complex topologies. One of the key features that makes OSPF flexible is its …